Who Designed Broadway Court?

 If you were to ask me what my favorite street in Central Florida is, Genius Drive would be a close second, but for first place, I would immediately answer: Broadway Court.

The reasons are many and they all add up to why it is so special.

- It is located within walking distance of Downtown Orlando.

- It is hidden away so well that you could go right past and miss it.

- It has a quiet and subtle elegance and charm.

- It has been around for 100 years and counting.

- It is one of the most complete collections of authentic vintage Spanish Colonial aka Mediterranean Revival homes anywhere.  

Yes, I know.  Now you want to see it for yourself.  But keep[ in mind, the Court is private, so be respectful and gaze upon it from a distance, or seek out the many home listings of the recent past that will show you some of the houses there, in isolated calm and glorious color.

What do we know about Broadway Court?

We know a lot about Broadway Court.  We know who developed it and why; we know what it was intended to be; when know when it was built.  

It was developed by Mr. and Mrs. Walter Ioor, whose own bungalow style home was right there.  

They were successful entrepreneurial types whose summer address was in Grand Rapids, Michigan.  If that makes you think of the busy furniture industry of that time, you are on the right track.  Mr. Ioor had interests in several furniture related concerns, including one that created pay phonographs - that is, early juke boxes.  Mr. Ioor did not limit his business ventures to Grand Rapids, nor to the juke box industry alone.  He had his hand in a number of ventures.

Mrs. Ioor was a human dynamo herself.  She looked at this piece of property they owned in the Eola Heights neighborhood and envisioned something rare and unusual there.  A collection of comfortable homes for the well-to-do, that would entice other northerners to Orlando.  Keep in mind that every state in the union is north of Orlando so when we Central Floridains say that someone is from "north of here" that takes in all of the country except south Florida and the Keys.  But mainly people were being attracted to Florida if they were from east of the Mississippi and a cold climate.  Anyone who lives here can tell you that you soon forget about ice, snow, and endless months of grey skies. And are thankful.

Now, Orlando, along with most of Florida, was booming in the early 1920s.  We have a letter from Ida Annah Ryan - a successful architect from Waltham, Massachusetts - who responded to her Massachusetts Institute of Technology Class of 1905 "annual" praising what she found here when she relocated in the early 1920s: 

"Glad to know of a revival of interest in the Class of '05, particularly in a State where there are so few M.I.T. architects. Henrietta C. Dosier of Jacksonville and Mr. Adams of Tampa , president of the State Architectural Association, being the only two discovered to date.  Florida is the new pioneer state in the United States, has the most equitable climate, except California and is three times as accessible to the East and Middle West.  We have no dull times here - building has continued marvelously through it all - towns spring up like mushrooms, almost, in 90 days.  Good roads are increasing every day and afford the best means of approach to all parts of the state.  Natural resources are waiting to be developed.  No one knows how many or to what extent.  Hundreds of miles of wild country are waiting for setters.  Parts of the Everglades have been drained and some of the richest truck soil in the world uncovered,  I am glad to be here, and hope to help put this new country in its rightful place on the map.  Cordially, Ida Annah Ryan (1905)"

Miss Ryan was far from alone.  Indeed, throngs of people were coming to Florida, not only to enjoy the climate, but also to get in on the wonders of creating something vital and new.  Pioneering spirit was alive and well in Orlando.  It was a bit like the boom towns out West.  

Winnie Ioor understood this.  She wanted to entice northerners like herself to make her little corner of heaven their home, too.  So she planned and developed the little enclave we know as Broadway Court.

Features of The Court are many.

The architecture is in the then-new, prevailing style of modified Spanish Colonial, Mission Revival, Mediterranean Revival.  These styles share so much.  Stucco exterior, barrel tile low pitched gable roofs, decorative tile work, Juliet balconies, wrought iron, asymmetrical massing, round headed windows and French doors, an easy transition from exterior to interior, and more.  Many of Orlando's architects of the 1920s were intentionally creating buildings in this style, which they dubbed "Spaniflora" because it seemed so ideally suited to Florida's climate and history.  

Here's a collection of exterior photos to give a sense of the romantic charm and cohesiveness of Broadway Court.  

Minnie's new neighbored has variety within the overarching ideal.  None of the homes repeated a floor plan.   All of them were 2000 square feet, at the least.  All had garages.  And all came exquisitely furnished, right down the the piece de resistance, a grand piano in every living room.  Talk about dangling something special in front of the prospective lessees and buyers.

The Court found favor with the general public.  Sun seeking Northerners found their way there.  In honor of the visionary who made it happen, it was nicknamed, "Minnieville", long before the Disney organization brought their own Minnie and Mickey to Central Florida.  

Trends come and go.  Styles that our great-grandparents though charming and modern are sometimes later disparaged as old and boring.  Places that were once the height of fashion may fall a long way out of favor.  That is what happened to Broadway Court, with its nadir being in the 1970s.  And yet, today, it is once again the place to be for the discerning homeowner, a place where Orlandians want to live.

All of this, and more, we know.  But the challenge is this: 

We do not (yet) know who the architect(s) may have been.  

I am hot on the trail, as it were.  I have a hunch, which is also a hope.  But I feel certain that someone knows already, and can fill me in.  I hope you will let me know, so that the architect(s) can be recognized for the great design we see today.

Some background may be helpful.  So here is a brief bio of Walter Ioor.  

Let's begin with this article, from the "Michigan Manufacturers and Financial Record (1917)":

"Grand Rapids, September 15 - If the question should be asked, "Who is the busiest man in Grand Rapids?" there could be but one answer, and that would be, "Walter Ioor". He has no competition.  

And there is no fiction about Mr. Ioor being busy.  To get at him, one must jump while the jumping is good.  If a caller is successful, he congratulated himself.  If he fails to connect, well, he just waits another favorable opportunity, and takes another chance.

And let it be understood that Mr. Ioor is not in his office reading a newspaper wile his callers cool their heels and their ardor in an outer office.  He is in his private office alright but he is buried ear deep in a mass of figures or reports or is ta\ling over the long distance telephone to some one of his man connections.  Walter Ioor is a busy man; but it is genuine.  He count every minute of the day, and h as a use for every minute of the day and he makes every minute of the day count.

Just to give one an idea of some of the many activities controlled and directed by Mr. Ioor, here are a few: The National Music Company, The National Hearse and Motor Company, the Imperial Chemical Company, the Sports Manufacturing Company, The American Stock Food Company.  There are others, many of them, but these gave an outline of what makes Walter Ioor a busy man."

(Phew!  I don't know about you, but I am worn out just thinking about how busy Mr Ioor was!)

Walter Ioor was born in Louisiana in circa 1863.  He and Minnie lived in South Haven, Michigan, where Walter was a warden in the Episcopal Church.  They had at least one daughter.  Then they relocated to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where Walter centered his many business ventures, thereafter.  By the early 1920s - when they were in their 60's - they were spending much of their time, especially their winters, in Orlando, where they purchased property at 527 N. Broadway Avenue, that would soon include Broadway Court.  In Orlando, Walter became one of three directors of the Orlando Laundry Company, founded in 1939 when he was 76.  (Still busy!)  

Minnie C. Ioor was born circa 1868, in Indiana.  She and Walter were still living in their Broadway Avenue home in Orlando in 1940, according to the US census of that year.  Along with Walter's maiden lady sister Roaslie Ioor.  

I have not been able to find a date of death or place of burial for either of the Ioors, so far.

Below, top to bottom: Ioor Residence; Ioor Residence with entrance to Broadway Court; Ioor Residence

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Isabel Roberts: A Woman Architect of the Prairie School

An Architectural Legacy Remembered and Preserved

 

By John A. Dalles

Isabel Roberts

 

            Isabel Roberts (born March 7, 1871 in Missouri) was a Prairie School figure, member of the architectural design team in the Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright and partner with Ida Annah Ryan in the Orlando, Florida architecture firm, “Ryan and Roberts”.  

    For most of the 20th century her creative output went unrecognized.  When I received the book "Frank Lloyd Wright: Hometown Architect" by Patrick F. Cannon, my research into the work of Isabel Roberts in Central Florida began.  In the book, Mr. Cannon states that Isabel Roberts was an architect in her own right and after her Illinois years, was in practice in Orlando, Florida.  This was the impetus for me to do more research on the matter, since I was living in Orlando, and very much interested in the historic architecture of Central Florida.  

    Over the next decade and more, I delved into the life and work of Isabel Roberts, and discovered that she had formal training in architecture, had a design role in the Oak Park studio, and designed some of the most iconic homes and public buildings in Central Florida during the 1920s.  

    My first foray into putting my work in printed form for others to read and expand upon was the Wikipedia article about Isabel Roberts, which I initially posted, more than a decade ago, and added to over the years.  While I may choose to do more revising of it, as more information comes to light, I feel it is important to share here on my blog, not only what I have discovered about Isabel and her contemporaries, but also to provide a place where I can indicate what further research is warranted.  

    There is plenty of both to share.  

    My hope about this is threefold.  

    First, that the community of architectural historians, now and in the future, come to acknowledge Isabel as an architect / architectural designer, without objection or reservation.

    Second, that those who own or have some responsibility for structures designed by Isabel - primarily in conjunction with Ida Annah Ryan - protect and preserve them to the utmost of their ability.

    And third, that Isabel finally receives the attention she properly deserves, as one of the pioneering women in the field of architecture in the United States of America.  

    Her story is of great interest to anyone who has appreciated architecture in the so called prairie style, as well as architecture reflecting the "Spaniflora" style so prevalent in Central Florida in the 1920s.  

Childhood

            Isabel Roberts, was born in Mexico, Missouri on March 7, 1871, the younger of two surviving daughters of James H. and Mary Roberts. This fact is undeniable, and it stands in contrast to the other erroneous conjectures about Isabel's family which are found in some standard works on Frank Lloyd Wright, and in comments  on "Wright Chat", and elsewhere.  

           Many architectural historians of the past got their facts entirely wrong.  Isabel was not (as some have claimed) related to any of the various other persons with the last name of Roberts who were clients or neighbors of Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park. Many architecture scholars have misidentified Roberts' parents; mistakenly stating that Wright's client Charles E. Roberts was her father. He was not. (See for example of the perpetuated error: The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, by William Allin Storer, Second Edition, p. 150). 

        Isabel Roberts' father, James H. Roberts was the son of William and Sarah Roberts of Utica, New York. Charles E. Roberts was the son of David and Elizabeth Roberts. Charles E. Roberts and James H. Roberts were not siblings, in fact, no family connection has been found between these two men. If you read that mistaken information, or similar, mentally correct it.  

    Nor was Isabel Roberts related to the architect Eben Ezra ("E.  E.") Roberts, a native of Boston, who grew up in New Hampshire before relocating to Chicago to work for Pullman in 1893.  Again, any references to a family relationship between E. E. Roberts and Isabel Roberts is erroneous, and needs correcting. 

    I encourage those Wright scholars who are still living to fix their mistake in this matter, whether in their books, their websites, or as aforementioned "Wright Chat".  By now, so much correct information about Isabel and her family has come to light, that their error is obvious as such.  So please fix it.  Otherwise your readers will be reading fiction, not fact.

   Much factual information is known about Isabel Roberts' parents, which I will supply here:

    James H. Roberts (July 26, 1841 [per a tribute published at the time of his death] or 1842 [per his gravestone] – February 9,1907) was a mechanic and inventor born in New York.  He held patents for his industrial designs.  He went on to hold important positions in several states. As is noted below.  

    Mary Harris Roberts (December 29 or 31, according to obituary vs. cemetery records, 1836-August 16, 1920) the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Glover Harris, was a homemaker and a native of Prince Edward Island. 

    More about Jame H. Roberts: James was lining in the home of John Roberts in 1860, his occupation given as "machinist".  

    James Roberts and Mary Harris were married on June 10, 1867 in New York.  By 1870, according to the US census they were living in Salt River Township, Audrian County. Missouri.  With them was their daughter Mary, age 1, born in Missouri.  

    Soon after, they relocated to Mexico, Missouri, where their daughters Charlotte and Isabel were born (family history says Brookfield, Missouri, which is 100 miles northwest of Mexico, Missouri). Charlotte Jeanette was born May 18, 1970, and died at St Cloud, Florida May 21, 1933). She married John Somerville, of whom more, later.  Isabel (aka Isabella) was born March 7, 1871, and died in Orlando Florida, December 29, 1955.  Note that they no longer counted a daughter Mary in their household; presumable the child had died.

    Early records show Isabel's name spelled as Isabella, Isabell, Isabelle, or Belle, before she settled in, using the form of Isabel.  This is important information for those who seek to research her early years.  She was named in honor of Mary's sister, Isabel Harris.  Charlotte was named in honor of James' sister Charlotte J. Roberts Lewis, (July 1825-died after 1925, married Martin Lewis, both of Utica NY).

     After leaving Missouri, the James and Mary Roberts family moved several times, including to Providence, Rhode Island, which is where they lived at the time of the 1880 United States census. Their address was 87 West Reven (sp?)  Street.  At the time of that census, Charlotte was 11 and "Isabella" was 9; both were listed as "at school".  James was listed as a "machinist".  

   

    By the time of the 1900 US census, the Roberts family were living in South Bend, Indiana.  James is a machinist, "Lottie J" is a school teacher, and "Isabell" is "at art school", which is of course the Atelier Masqueray-Chambers in New York City.

    After working for the Oliver Chilled Plow company, in South Bend, James H. Roberts accepted an important role as the Deputy Director of Inspections for the State of Indiana. This meant that Roberts was in charge of inspecting manufacturing plants in the entire northern half of the state.

    Mary's brother, John D. N. Harris (1858-after 1905) was also a resident of South Bend, as recorded in the 1905 obituary of James Harris (their brother, of New Hartford). Whether he proceeded or followed James and Mary Roberts is not yet known.

    While living in South Bend, the Roberts family were quite active in church and civic groups.  Mary, Charlotte, and Isabel were all members of the First Presbyterian Church of South Bend, Indiana, as were many other prominent citizens including the Studebakers, the owners of the Oliver Chilled Plow company, and most notably,  Nelson Prentice Bowsher and Laura Caskey Bowsher. All of whom were near neighbors of the Roberts family.  

    (Author's note: I served as associate pastor of that same church in the years 1982-1987.  Many descendants of these families were my parishioners.  The church's rolls record the Roberts' membership there.  It was at my urging that these records were discovered in the church vault, by my friend, Professor oof History Les Lamon).

     A description of the sisters comes from their second cousins Bill and Sarah Hogoboom: "Isabel was tall and thin; Charlotte was short and fat (as we know from their passport applications)."

     Naturally, the Roberts became friends with Mrs. Nelson Prentice Bowsher, the industrialist's second wife, who was a generation younger than her husband, and roughly the same age as his grown children. Laura Caskey Bowsher (later, DeRhodes) was a dear and trusted friend of Isabel Roberts.  This friendship eventually led to Isabel’s introducing Laura to Frank Lloyd Wright and Laura’s commissioning from him what is know as the K. C. DeRhodes House.

    Following secondary school, Isabel eventually embarked upon a plan to become an architect.  To further her education, she went east to New York City and there she enrolled in an innovative program of architectural study.  

And here is presented to the researcher an area for further perusal.  From the time she completed high school until the time she was an architectural student in New York City, the question is this: Where was Isabel, and what was she doing?

Sadly, the 1890 US Census can offer researchers no insights, as most of these records were destroyed by a devastating fire, and those which survived the fire were destroyed by an act of Congress.  Even so, there are some hints and leads worth researching.  

It has been said that Isabel was an art teacher at some point in the years 1890-1900.  This possibly seems to be consistent with her future vocation.

The Mystery of "Isabel Roberts JONES":  

More intriguing is the quotation in Patrick Joseph Meehan's book "Frank Lloyd Wright Remembered" from FLW's son Lloyd Wright, who says: "Well, the draftsmen were all  interesting individuals. There was [William E.] Drummond and Marion Mahony [Griffin], and the secretary, Isabel Roberts Jones, and so own and on and on.  They took good care of me, as a junior member, and they helped me up on the stools make tracings of their glasswork for them."  This comment intrigued me, because he called her "Isabel Roberts Jones."  I contacted Patrick Meehan to ask if perhaps the speaker had misspoken, and Mr. Meehan assured me that was exactly what Lloyd said and meant to say.  So, this raises a question.  In the years 1890-1900, is it possible that Isabel married someone named Jones?  It further begs the question, why would the name have been remembered so specifically as such by an immediate member of Wright's family, unless there was an important reason for it to be etched in the Wright family's collective memory as Isabel Roberts Jones?

Could it be that Isabel was at one time married to a member of the Lloyd Jones family?  

If so, there seems to be only one likely candidate, that being Frank's first cousin Richard Lloyd Jones.  All the many biographies of Richard Lloyd Jones record only his marriage to Georgia (always known as 'George") Hayden.  Richard would have been 34 when they married; certainly a tad old for a first marriage, then or now.  

More research is needed.  Possible avenues of exploration include news articles from the cities where Richard Lloyd Jones was employed prior to settling in Madison, Wisconsin, and the annual records of his father's congregation, which always stated the names of those persons whom Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones married.

Wherever Isabel was and what she was doing in the last decade of the nineteenth century, we know with certainty that by 1900, she was living in Manhattan and studying architecture at the Atelier Masqueray-Chambers.

The documentation is the US Census of 1900, in which Isabel appears as shown on the actual enumeration page, below:

In the Atelier Masqueray-Chambers

            Franco-American Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861-1917) was a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture, both as a gifted designer of landmark buildings and as an influential teacher of the profession of architecture. 

    Later generations of architectural historians have fallen prey to the simplistic view that the only architecture worthy of consideration between Wright and the emergence of the International Style was none of it whatsoever.  So Masqueray has been mainly forgotten.  Even if he had not worked on the projects he designed, even if he had not served in the architectural practices in which he served, he should be remembered for the over-arching achievement of establishing an atelier along the lines of the French Ecole des Beaux Arts.  A cursory glance at the names of those who were trained in his atelier is like a veritable who's who of successful architects of the mid twentieth century.  And those who would underestimate the value of an atelier education for architecture must tread ever so carefully, since the great man himself, Frank Lloyd Wright, established the same sort of architecture school along the atelier lines, at Taliesin.  If one were to discount the teaching efforts of Masqueray, one would also therefore have to discount the teaching efforts of Wright.  

    It is just that simple.  

    Masqueray had been born in Dieppe, France, on September 10, 1861.

 

           Masqueray came to the United States in 1887 to work for the firm of Carrère and Hastings in New York City. Five years later, he joined the office of Richard Morris Hunt.  In Hunt's firm, he helped design many notable buildings including The Breakers for Cornelius Vanderbilt II in Newport, Rhode Island. 

            In 1893, Masqueray opened the Atelier Masqueray, for the study of architecture according to French methods; architect Walter B. Chambers shared in this enterprise. Located at 123 E. 23rd Street, this was the first wholly independent atelier opened in the United States. Research has revealed that among his students over the next decade in New York were:

-       Leonard B. Schultze (architect of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in NYC) 

-       Walter W. Sharpley (builder of Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel) 

And perhaps the most important of Masqueray’s students…

-     William Van Alen (architect of the Chrysler Building) 

       You will find a much longer list that I have amassed in my research, which forms the body of the Wikipedia article about Masquery. Of course, the list will grow as more becomes known.  Here it is:

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

• Paul R. Allen (architect of Henry Miller's Theatre, NYC)
• William T. L. Armstrong (later of the firm De Gelleke and Armstrong, New York)
• W. Bellows (architect Charles Walter Bellows of Columbus, OH)
• William Berger
• Guy Bolton (Broadway impresario)
• Charles Saunders Bridgman (1892-1897 Atelier Masqueray; then practiced with C. A. Rich; then 1903-1937 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)
• Seymour Burrell (architect of the St. Germain Lofts, Houston, TX; S. H. Kress & Co. Corporate Architect)
• James E. Cooper (of d'Hauteville & Cooper, Long Island architects); Greentree, William Payne Whitney Mansion.
• Lester A. Cramer (later practiced in Los Angeles; architect of the Rosicrucian Fellowship Temple and the Sanatorium^[at Mount Ecclesia)
• Roy Corwin Crosby (architect of houses on the Palisades)
• Clarence E. Decker (later of Decker and Stevenson, architects of the YWCA, San Diego)
• Mortimer Foster (later of Foster, Gade and Graham)
• Frederick George Frost, Sr. (principal of his own firm in New York City which later included his son and namesake), Hall of Fashion, New York 1939 World's Fair
• Leon N. Gillette (of the NYC firm Walker & Gillette)
• Nelson Goodyear (architect and inventor)
• Mr. Gray (no first name given)
• William Cook Haskell (later of the firm Townsend, Steinle & Haskell)
• James Hopkins (of the Boston architectural firm of Kilham and Hopkins)
• John G. Hough
• William S. Hutton (later an Indiana school architect who partnered with George Grant Elmslie)
• Louis Jallade (architect of the gymnasium at the University of Delaware)
• John R. Jordan
• Rupert W. Koch (architect of men's dorm at the University of Michigan)
• Frederick Larkin (later of the US State Department in charge of Embassy design)
• Mr. Loud (no first name given)
• Louis Levitansky (later "Louis Levine") - Westchester County NY architect
• Charles E. Mack (associated with the firm of Cass Gilbert)
• Sylvester S. McGrath (later of the firm Davis, McGrath & Kiessling, architects of among many others, Gramercy East Professional Building, 115 East 23rd Street, New York City)
• Henry Murphy (architectural advisor to China)
• George Nagle (associated with Masqueray at the St. Louis Fair)
• Clarence A. Neff (later of Neff and Thompson, Norfolk, VA)
• Charles F. Owsley (principal of a Youngstown, OH, firm; designed art deco Isaly's headquarters there)
• Barnet Phillips, Jr. (later of the firm Barnet Phillips Architectural Decorators, New York)
• Karl Richardson
• Isabel Roberts (of the Oak Park studio of Frank Lloyd Wright)
• Lincoln Rogers (of the 1920s firm Rogers and Stevenson, in San Diego)
• Frank B. Rosman
• Mr. Schalkenbach (no first name given)
• Leonard B. Schultze (architect of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel see Schultze and Weaver)
• Walter W. Sharpley (builder of Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel)
• Francis S. "Frank" Swales (later of the firm Painter & Swales; designer of Selfridges' Store, Oxford Street, London, and The Brussels Exposition of 1910's Canadian Pacific Railway Pavilion)
• George E. Sweet (who became a naval architect)
• William Van Alen (architect of the Chrysler Building)
• Elwood Williams (associated with Masqueray for the St. Louis Exposition; later with offices at 507 Fifth Avenue, NYC)
• Edward J. Willingale (associated with J E M Carpenter as architects of the Lincoln Building (42nd Street, New York, New York) now known as One Grand Central Place)
• Wilison Joseph Wythe (assistant professor of drawing, University of California)

    In 1897, Masqueray left the Hunt office to work for Warren & Wetmore, also in New York City.

            Masqueray’s reputation became international in 1901, when the commissioner of architects of the St. Louis Exposition selected him to be Chief of Design. As Chief of Design of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, a position he held for three years, Masqueray had architectural oversight of the entire Fair and personally designed many of the Fair buildings.

   

         In 1904, Masqueray was invited by Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul to come to Minnesota and design the new Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul for the city. Thereafter he designed more than a dozen landmark churches and cathedrals in the upper Midwest, where he is best remembered and appreciated today.

Isabel received excellent training at the Atelier Masqueray-Chambers.  However, by the time that Isabel submitted her application to the AIA for membership, in 1920, Masqueray was no longer living, and as a result, unable to attest to her three years of architecture training at the Atelier Masqueray-Chambers  in New York.  Also, by that time, an anti-atelier movement was gaining preeminence in the views of the AIA, in favor of architectural departments at colleges and universities.  Such a bias continues today in the minds of architectural historians who forget that the training for the profession of architecture in the early 1900s found apprenticeship, ateliers, and college departments all brining skillfully trained architects into the profession.  

Oak Park, Illinois

            Upon her return to the Midwest, Isabel Roberts was among Wright’s first employees when he left Louis Sullivan and opened his own studio in Oak Park, Illinois.

  

          A clear understanding of Isabel Robert’s role in the Oak Park Studio comes from Wright’s son, John Lloyd Wright, who relates the contributions made by Miss Roberts and other figures of the Prairie School. John Lloyd Wright relates that William Drummond, Francis Barry Byrne, Walter Burley Griffin, Albert McArthur, Marion Mahony, Isabel Roberts and George Willis were the "draftsmen". He further clarifies that they made up "the five men and two women who each were making valuable contributions to Prairie style architecture for which" Wright became famous.

            Notice how carefully John enumerates that there were seven draftsmen, five men and two women (Marion and Isabel).  This is compelling evidence that Isabel Roberts provided a greater contribution to the Prairie school architecture than scholars have given her credit, heretofore.  Isabel Roberts has been described by Wright scholars as Frank Lloyd Wright’s secretary, bookkeeper or office manager. While Isabel certainly fulfilled these functions, she also took an active role in the lively and creative design atmosphere of the Studio. Contemporary witnesses acknowledge that Isabel had a hand in design, although most do not give her anything near the proper credit she deserves in being a draughtsman for Wright.  

      

      Oak Park Studio architect Barry Byrne describes the informal competitions that Wright held in the Studio among the employees, to design residences as well as the details of a project: stained glass, murals, mosaics, linens and furnishings. The staff designed entire plans and elevations. The various solutions would be considered and critiqued by one and all. Byrne recalled that more often than not Marion Mahony Griffin was the winner of these intramural competitions.  Not allowing good ideas to go to waste, Wright filed away all of the results of the competitions for future use as new clients came to the Studio.  Byrne confided that Wright took the credit for all these designs, no matter whose they were to begin with; he also asserts that Wright severely chastised anyone who referred to any of the designs as being by any of the Oak Park Studio employees, rather than Wright himself.

   

     Those who have worked in architectural firms will understand that very little has changed since that time, more than a century ago.  The principal or principals of the firm take the credit no matter which other architects on staff designed the work.  Added to that was Wright's well known penchant for aggrandizing himself to the detriment of his associates.  This tendency was present even in the early successes of the Oak Park Studio years, and would become pronounced almost to the point of ridiculousness by the end of Wright's very long life.  He erased the contributions of others, and because he long outlived most of them, there was no one to correct him.  Unless of course you read Marion Mahony Griffin's autobiographical tome "The Magic of America", in which she records the impact of Walter Burley Griffin on the innovations of the prairie school era, which she called "The Chicago Group".  This work has never appeared in print, but it is available to be read in its entirety on line, and I encourage interested persons to do so.  Every Wright scholar should.  Marion was so unhappy about Wright's lack of acknowledgement of the work of his associated architects, that she never mentions him by name in the autobiography, calling him only, "the architect".

   

     Wright could have taken a different approach.  Looking at the group of associated architects and their subsequent accomplishments, not to mention their contributions to the success of the Oak Park Studio, Wright could have said something along the lines of this: "Aren't I a tremendous judge of talent, to have attracted to my firm this marvelous group of people who under my supervision, helped to create a truly distinctive American architecture!"  How much better than to pretend he did it all by himself and that all they did was push pencils in the lines he had predetermined.  

    Implications of the normal working style of the team of architects and architectural designers in the Oak Park Studio are many, and warrant further scholarship.  

Think what this means; about the output of the Oak Park Studio during that decade of stunning creativity between 1898 and 1909. 

    Barry Byrne does not say, "From time to time one or another of the professionals working with Wright came up with an idea that Wright incorporated into his design." No, Byrne DOES say that all of the architects offered their designs, discussed their designs, and then one of their designs was selected to develop. Trusting that what Barry Byrne said is true - and there is no reason to doubt it -  one could then look at all of the buildings of that time period as collaborative efforts of this kind. Even more accurately, one could look at them as the realized collection of the ideas of each of the architects in the office.

    When this normal working practice of the Studio is taken to any number of logical  conclusions, one can say these things about the Prairie Style that emerged from the Oak Park Studio:

One: There was a lead designer for each building. It may have been Wright, it may have been one of the others working in the office. This was the rule, not the exception.

Two: The design ideas presented in these buildings are so varied within the theme, that what might’ve appeared to be experimentation from Wright only, might instead be considered the development of favorite ideas of each of the individuals in the Oak Park Studio.

Three: In looking at the work of each of these architects after they left the Oak Park Studio, one possible conclusion is that the designs one sees in their independent practice are a continued development of the ideas that they presented and they implemented, in the studio. This is not the only conclusion of course. Another could be - that they saw something in the work of others in the studio that they wanted to develop on their own. That could mean that “someone” was Wright, or that "someone" was any of the other architects in the studio.

Four: Continuing on the theme of the variety that was produced. This begins to help us understand why there are collections (sub-groups) of residences that have certain similarities, or marked differences. For example there are stucco faced houses, there are board and batten faced houses, and there are Roman brick faced houses. The accepted wisdom said that the setting, or the budget, decreed which of these was used. And of course the taste of the client might have something to do with it as well. But another possibility is that certain architects preferred one medium, while other architects preferred another. The same would be true of the variety of heights, the three story houses are usually not emphasized, or they are talked about as an experiment that was tried but not fully developed further. But could it be that one of the staff was very fond of that look, and from time to time that staff member’s ideas prevailed in the group discussion? There were flat roofs, hip roofs, gable roofs. The design devices utilized could be further scrutinized.

Five: While the assumption that Wright came up with every idea on his own is remotely possible, it’s highly unlikely.

Six: A careful study of the designs of each structure that came out of the studio during that period would offer a keen observer an opportunity to trace the hand of this, that, or another individual via the design elements that are seen in these buildings. This would not be an idle exercise.

Seven: If we combine what Barry Byrne says about the shared input of all the staff, with some of the clues that Marion Mahoney gives us in her autobiographical work, “The Magic of America”, we’re given a roadmap for at least one of the designers in the studio, that being Walter Burley Griffin. Marion specifically states that Walter  designed the Frank Thomas House in Oak Park (by Wright's own definition the first Prairie house), she describes why it is sited on the lot the way it is, and claims it is the first L-shaped plan house. There’s no great reason to doubt what she says. 

Eight: To ascribe the origin of buildings to individual designers in the Oak Park Studio does not take away from what we consider to be the genius of Frank Loyd Wright. Indeed, it expands upon it. 

Nine:  These newly highlighted but century-old insights regarding the daily practice in the Studio invite serious scrutiny. 

Ten: It is not inconceivable that in future one could speak of the “Marion Mahoney Influence“ or the “(fill in the other Studio employees names) influence”. 

Oak Park Studio Employees-1898-1909

Wright created a a list of Studio employees in 1908.  The list is provided below:

Marion Mahony 11 years

William Drummond 7 years

Francis Byrne 5 years

Isabel Roberts 5 years

George Willis 4 years

Walter Griffin 4 years

Andrew Willatsen 2 years

Harry Robinson 2 years

Charles E. White, Jr. 1 year

Erwin Barglebaugh 1 year

Robert Hardin 1 year

Albert McArthur new

Further research produces a longer list, with more accurate dates, which I have created and provide here:

Architectural Designers / Draughtsmen:

    Marion Mahony - 1895-1910

    George Willis - 1900-1904

    William Drummond - 1901 (or earlier)-1909

    Walter Burley Griffin - 1901-1906

    Clarence Erasmus Shepard - 1902-1905

    Andrew Willatzen - 1902-1906    

    Barry Byrne - 1902-1907

    Isabel Roberts - 1903 (or earlier)-1909

    Charles E. White, Jr. - 1903-1905

    Cecil Bryan (mistakenly called Cecil Barnes) - 1904    

    Marion Chamberlain - circa 1904

    Harry Franklin Robinson - 1906-1908

    Albert Chase McArthur - 1907-1909

    Francis Conroy Sullivan - 1907    

    Robert Hardin - 1906-1909 

    Charles Erwin Barglebaugh (3 years) - 1907-1909 

    Taylor Wooley - 1909    

    John Van Bergen - 1909 (widely noted as last to be hired)

Artists in Residence / Furnishings Designers:

    Maginel Wright

    Richard Bock - circa 1904-1909

    George Mann Niedekin - circa 1904-1909

Business Manager / Design Specifications:

    Arthur Tobin - 1906-? (Wright's brother-in-law)

    Before expanding upon the work that Isabel did in the Oak Park Studio, it is important not to miss several facts.  Her training in New York being the most compelling evidence for the contributions she made to the architectural collaboration of the staff.  It is also widely reported that she was quietly efficient and alert to the work that supported the design draftsmanship of the firm, to the point that comments about her being a secretary, bookkeeper, general factotum, and so forth, were part of her job.  But not all of it, and not the main focus of her work.  

    It is also known that Isabel Roberts was included in the family lives of Catherine Tobin Wright and Frank Lloyd Wright in ways that other employees were not.  She, for example, was called upon the babysit the Wright children when Frank and Catherine were out of the house for social gatherings. 

    The Oak Park Public Library and the archives at the Home and Studio both have a photo that Wright took of his family gathered alongside the front wall of their home.  To the right, one can see Catherine, with John Lloyd Wright in front of her, and Lloyd Wright (FLLW Jr) to his right.  One must look with sharp eyes to see that between Catherine and Lloyd there is another woman pictured.  She is looking down at John.  The photo is such that she almost blends into the shrubbery behind her.  

    John Lloyd Wright identified all of the people in the photo, and he identified this figure as Isabel Roberts.

Isabel Roberts standing between Catherine Tobin Wright and Lloyd Wright

(above - Detail of photo below)

Frank Lloyd Wright Family circa 1903

The occasion was Robert Llewellyn Wright's baptism day

Pictured Left to Right:

Frank Lloyd Wright, Anna Lloyd Jones Wright (Frank's mother), Robert Llewellyn Wright (the baby, born 1903, held by his paternal grandmother), David (seated on the wall), Catherine (standing), Frances, Catherine Tobin Wright (Mrs. F Ll W), John Lloyd Wright (standing in front of his mother), Isabel Roberts, and Lloyd Wright (Frank Lloyd Wright, Jr.) 

 

     So, what was Isabel Roberts' influence in the Studio in the years 1903-1909?  What work did she do?  What designs were hers?

    It is known that Isabel produced original designs for the leaded art glass windows in the Prairie houses during this period. How do we know this?  Charles E. White Jr writes, "Miss Roberts works most of the time on ornamental glass..." Charles E. White, Jr. Letters, 1903–1906, by Charles E. White, Jr. from the Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright.  The archivists at Taliesin are unable or unwilling to attribute any drawings to any particular person, and many of the original drawings were said to have been lost in one of the several Taliesin fires.  Even so, the records of an eyewitness employee are proof enough that Isabel was part of the Oak Park architectural design team.  (Notice what Charles E. White, Jr. does NOT say, "Miss Roberts works most of the time answering the phone, paying bills, and typing letters"!).

    To try to get a perspective on where Isabel was living in the Oak Park years, this is what I have learned thus far.  According to annual editions of the "Chicago Blue Book", in 1905 she was living at 505 Forest Avenue in Oak Park.  By 1907, her address is listed as 405 Forest Avenue, Oak Park, continuing through 1910..  Her mother Mary has moved from South Bend to Maywood (no address given but probably the Isabel Roberts House, Maywood's boundaries included parts of what would become River Forest) by 1912.  Throughout her appearances in the Blue Book that I have found so far, she is listed as "Miss Isabelle Roberts". Which was perhaps the spelling of her given name, later shortened to Isabel.  Her residential locations are continuing to be researched. 

    The letters of Charles E. White, Jr. were written at a time when the following projects, and more, were underway: Darwin D. Martin House, Burton J. Westcott House, Mrs. Thomas Gale House, H. P. Sutton House, Robert M. Lamp House, and Unity Temple. The "light screens" in these may owe their design in part or in full to Roberts.  

Some of the ornamental glass from this time period is shown below.  It is known that Isabel designed the Sutton Residence light screens.  There were at least five of the Studio employees engaged in the Sutton project, which demanded a great deal of time, and a number of revisions, at the request of the clients.  A look at one Sutton light screen is shown below:

And it is probable that Isabel designed the Darwin D. Martin House light screens:

        In addition to her undeniable contributions as stated by Charles E. White, Isabel herself stated in her 1920 AIA application that in her Chicago years, she designed the house for herself and her mother (yes, THE Isabel Roberts House in River Forest) and the house for her friend Laura Caskey Bowsher and her second husband K.C. DeRohdes in South Bend, Indiana.  Wright was aware of and never disputed Isabel's claim.

     

       From their South Bend days, Mary and Isabel Roberts were friends of Laura Caskey Bowsher, the lovely young second wife, and then widow, of industrialist-millionaire farm equipment manufacturer, Nelson Prentice Bowsher.  Isabel introduced Laura to Wright, who seldom let a well-heeled potential client get away.  This led to the commission for Wright to design a new home for Laura in time for her to move into it with her second husband, Kersey C. DeRhodes.  

Laura Caskey Bowsher’s wedding to Kersey C. DeRhodes took place in the Chicago neighborhood directly south of Oak Park, Berwyn, Illinois, on September 22, 1906.  Frank Lloyd Wright’s uncle, the celebrated human dynamo Unitarian minister, the Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, officiated.

  

          In plan, the DeRhodes house is a mirror image twin of the 1904 Barton House in Buffalo, New York. The main floor of the house is a graceful, generous rectangular space oriented south to north, subdivided by piers and low bookcases with light screens into three distinct zones: a reception hall, a large living room with fireplace toward the south (front) of the house and a large dining room with Wright's customary built in china cabinets toward the (north) rear of the house. 

K. C. DeRhodes House Exterior Views

The exterior of the DeRhodes house exhibits many of the features associated with Wright's Prairie School architecture. The stucco exterior with dark wood trim, the strong water table, the pronounced horizontal lines of the continuous window sills and terrace parapets, the leaded glass "light screens" of the windows, the grouping of the windows into continuous bands and the low-profile hip roof.

Entry Hall and Stairs to the Main Level

Living Room

Living Room Fireplace

      The celebrated rendering of the DeRhodes house by Wright's associate, Marion Mahony Griffin, is considered by architecture scholars to be among the best to emerge from the Oak Park Studio, and was highly regarded by Wright himself, who inscribed it "Drawn by Mahony after FLLW and Hiroshige".

     

       (In her AIA application, Isabel Roberts listed the K C DeRhodes house as her own work).

  

          The following year, James H. Roberts died. This tribute was published in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Department of Inspection of the State of Indiana, 1907.  

            Death of Deputy James H Roberts

        In the death of James H Roberts, Deputy Director, on 9 February, 1907, at his home in the city of South Bend, the state of Indiana lost one of her honored citizens, a man of high moral worth, his character in the community where he lived was regarded by all who knew him as pure and spotless. As a man, his aims, purposes, and daily life or high, honorable, and in the direction of right, as he could see the right.

        In the discharge of his duties as a deputy inspector, his practical knowledge and experience from early boyhood and the mechanical field was most helpful to all concerned. In his work of inspection, Deputy Roberts was Ernest and conscientious , and with his kindly disposition towards his fellow man, his return was always welcomed and looked for. In the hearts of all who had a good fortune to claim his friendship, Deputy Roberts will ever be held in great fall remembrance.

    Here is one obituary notice placed at the time of James Roberts' death:

    A longer memorial tribute to James H. Roberts was published in "The History of St. Joseph County", a transcript of which appears below;

            Following James H. Roberts’ death, Mary Roberts moved to the Oak Park. Illinois, area to be near Isabel.  While Isabel was in Wright’s employ, Mary and Isabel built a house together, which is known today as the Isabel Roberts House, in the Chicago suburb of River Forest.

Isabel Roberts House

   

         A classic 1908 Prairie House from the studio of Frank Lloyd Wright located at 603 Edgewood Place in River Forest, IL.  The Isabel Roberts House in River Forest, Illinois, was built for Isabel Roberts and her widowed mother, Mary Roberts.

Isabel Roberts House - River Forest, Illinois

     The Isabel Roberts house is sometimes credited as being the first split-level house.            

     

       It is fair to say that the Isabel Roberts House is greatly admired by architects world-wide and regarded as one of the most innovative residences to have emerged from Wright’s Oak Park studio.  The commonly held view among architectural historians is that the Isabel Roberts House was designed by Wright, for Isabel and Mary to share, which they did for a decade before leaving Illinois.  However, in her AIA application, Isabel lists the Isabel Roberts House as being among the buildings she designed, one of three she gives as examples.

    The 1910 US Census finds Isabel (age 37) as the head of household of a family of three which includes her mother Mary (age 72) and sister Charlotte (age 39).  The address is 294 Oak Avenue, Proviso Township (River Forest), Cook County, Illinois.  This is the original address of the Isabel Roberts House, before the street name was changed from Oak Avenue to Edgewood Place.  Isabel gives as her  profession "Architect", and Charlotte is a public school teacher.  Notice that Charlotte had not yet married John B. Somerville.  

    In late 1909, Isabel Roberts was among the last of the Oak Park Studio employees, working to complete many unfinished Wright commissions after Wright went off to Europe with his client and paramour Mamah Borthwick Cheney. Under the guidance of Herman Von Holst, with the help of contracted designers Marion Mahoney and Walter Burley Griffin, Isabel and John Van Bergen brought what work they could of Wright’s to completion, then Isabel locked the doors of the Oak Park Studio, thus closing the productive Oak Park years of Wright’s career.  Those last months would have been extremely trying, because Wright was mostly incommunicado in his country retreat in Fiesole, outside Florence, Italy.  Mamah and he sequestered themselves there, he, working on dreamy sketches for a prairie style house and studio situated in Italy (never realized), and she, translating the work of her inspiration, feminist Ellen Key. As always, Wright was quite cavalier about matters of business and payment to the staff who worked hard to keep the commitments he had abandoned in Chicagoland.     

    Isabel Roberts states in her AIA application that she served one year or more with as a draftsman in the firm of Gunzel and Drummond, Architects, circa 1915-1916. Her Chicago area work, in addition to that, in the late teens of the 20th century is not yet known.  Evidence indicates, however, that among her projects was architectural work designing for the kit house company Gordon-Van Tine.  One of their models (2617) is a direct copy of the K. C. DeRhodes House, slightly simplified for economy's sake.  For more about this, see my September 23, 2012 article on this blog entitled: Prairie Style House Near Mount Dora, which explains the house and its known example in Eustice, Florida. The Gordon Van Tine models were well-designed and consisted of sturdy materials that continue to serve their owners 100 and more years later...  They also brought the Chicago Style (i.e. Prairie Style) to places where such aesthetics were otherwise unavailable.  You will find Gordon Van Tine models all over the USA.  Their origins are to be found in the architects of the Chicago school, including Isabel Roberts. 

Orlando, Florida

  

          The Roberts family began visiting Central Florida in the winter of 1915-1916, perhaps earlier.  They divided their time between Chicago and St. Cloud for several years, spending their winters in St. Cloud.  

    The history of St. Cloud is fascinating.  It was designed as a community for veterans of the Civil War, both from the south, but even more so from the north.  Many of the streets bear the names of the states that fought in the conflict.  Historians will point out that the best located streets all bear the names of northern states.  Civil War veterans flocked to St. Cloud, and built what we would call Adirondack type dwellings at first, that is, wooden platforms on which canvas tents were erected.  As time and funds permitted, these were replaced by more permanent dwellings, often of a bungalow type.

    There was a busy and active collection of civic organizations, promoting the city and sponsoring activities for a wide range of interests.  There was a seasonal population as well as a year-round population.  Snowbirds found their way from the frozen northland to enjoy the salubrious winter climate of Central Florida.  Many of them decided to make St. Cloud their only residence, eschewing the miserable grey skies, icy sidewalks, and relentless winter snow of places like Chicago.

    Frequently, as the St. Cloud society news columns report, the William Drummond family were fellow winter residents / vacationers with their friend, and colleague, and River Forest next door neighbor, Isabel Roberts, and her mother.

  But, all was not well in River Forest.  Mary was ailing.  The St. Cloud Tribune offers this insight:

    "May 9, 1918 - Mrs. John Somerville, who has been called to Chicago on account of the illness of her mother, returned here last Saturday evening and has again taken up activities with the local Red Cross Chapter."    

  

       In 1919 Isabel Roberts and her mother Mary moved permanently to St. Cloud, Florida.  So, a decade after the Isabel Roberts House was completed, Mary and Isabel had left it, and River Forest, behind forever.

   

         Isabel’s sister Charlotte and her husband John B. Somerville (December 31, 1840, Glasgow, Scotland - September 27, 1928, Manson, Iowa; buried Rose Hill Cemetery) were by that time well-established residents and highly respected citizens of St. Cloud. John Somerville was a generation older than Charlotte, and related by marriage to Mary Harris Roberts' Glover uncle, Robert Glover (Isabel and Charlotte's great-uncle), whose wife Mary Somerville was the sister of John Somerville.  According to family historian Sarah Hogoboom, the family connections go back to the 1830s, where the Harrises, Glovers, and Somervilles were together in Utica, New York. John saw military service in Washington DC during the Civil War and had been one of the soldiers who guarded Lincoln's casket. Following the war, he was given land in St. Cloud, as a Civil War veteran, in thanks for this service.  He was also given land at Cape Canaveral.. After John Somerville died in 1928, while on a visit to family and friends in Mason, Iowa, Charlotte inherited the land at Cape Canaveral, and after her death in 1933, Isabel inherited it.  The government was providing payments of $10,000 at certain intervals, and evidently, some man came upon the scene and was stripping Isabel of these payments in the years before she died. (More about the land at Cape Canaveral, later in this article). 

    Isabel and Mary Roberts lived with the Somervilles, initially, upon their move to Central Florida.  The four of them are enumerated in the US census of 1920, (which was taken between January 5 and February 5) in the Somerville household on Missouri Avenue.  Isabel gives her profession as "architect".  

    Their very modest bungalow house is shown as it looks today, below:

 

  Mary Roberts died at her daughter Charlotte’s home in Florida, on August 16, 1920, having suffered the lingering effects of the influenza pandemic. Mary Roberts was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Orlando.  Her grave site is known, but it remains unmarked. (Later both Charlotte and Isabel would be buried alongside her).

    Mary Harris Roberts' obituary appeared in the August 19, 1920 St. Cloud Tribune: 

    "Mrs. Mary Roberts - On the afternoon of August 16th, Mrs. Mary Roberts passed away at the home of her daughter Mrs. John Somerville.  Mrs. Roberts has been in failing healthy for some time, never having fully recovered from the "flu" which she had in the winter.  She had spent several winters here in St. Cloud, coming here the last time two years ago from River Forest, Illinois.

    Mrs. Mary Roberts was born in Prince Edward Island in 1836.  In her early teens she came with her parents to New York State, where she lived until she was married in 1867 to James H Roberts of Utica, NY.  After a few years in different places, they located in South Bend, Indiana, where she lived  until the death of her husband in 1907.

    Mrs. Roberts was a devout Christian, a member of the Presbyterian church from childhood and always a staunch believer in the faith.  She is survived by two daughters, Mrs. John Somerville of St. Cloud and Miss Isabel Roberts of Orlando.

    The funeral service was held at the home of Mrs. Somerville on Wednesday afternoon.  Dr. Silas Cooke officiating, and the body was laid to rest in the Orlando cemetery."

    

        A sad chapter in their lives, and especially so for Isabel who was so close to her mother, and who had lived with her for most of the years since James' death in 1907.

        Once she was committed to life in Florida, Isabel Roberts went into architectural practice with Ida Annah Ryan, who was the first woman in the United States to earn a masters degree in architecture, from MIT. At the time of the 1920 US census, Ida had not yet relocated to Central Florida; she appears twice in the census (taken between January 5 and February 5) - in Waltham (she is listed in her parents' home, as an architect), and in Washington DC, where she is a lodger and a draughtsman for the US government.

Ida Annah Ryan

One of the unanswered questions of the story of Isabel Roberts and Ida Ryan is: How did they first meet?

        There are several likely possibilities, but none of these has yet been proven.

        The first possibility is that they met in Saint Cloud. When Isabel was there on vacation, along with her mother, and their friends and neighbors the Drummonds, somewhere in the period between 1915 and 1919. It’s quite possible that Ida was also in Saint Cloud, if the information we have about her designing the railroad station there is correct. The social life in Saint Cloud was quite busy, there were many winter visitors to Saint Cloud, and as prominent citizens of Saint Cloud Charlotte and John Somerville would’ve been the center of much of the activity, so of course it would also have included their relative Isabel. Nothing would have been more logical than, hearing that another woman architect was in town, that the two would had been introduced to one another there.

        A second possibility might be a connection between the two women forged by Marion Mahony. Both Marion and Ida had graduated from the architecture program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Thereafter, Ida had formed an architectural partnership in Waltham.  And through the good graces of her cousin Dwight Perkins, Marion was made aware of Frank Lloyd Wright and he of her. Leading to her working for Wright in Chicago. It is conceivable that at some point, after Isabel had also joined the Oak Park studio staff, that Ida traveled to the Midwest and visited the Oak Park studio to see what was happening there, hosted by her MIT fellow alumni.

        While both of these seem to be the leading possibilities, other scenarios might also have some merit. 

        For example, we really don’t know where Isabel was and what she was doing in the years between when she graduated from high school in South Bend, and when she began her architectural studies in New York City. It’s about a decade of time. There’s one report that she was an art teacher at this time, but no location has yet come to light. Was she an art teacher somewhere in the Boston area? Did she meet Ida Ryan then? We just don’t know.

        Another possibility is that there may have been a connection between Ida Ryan and Masqueray, perhaps forged because of Ida's professor and fellow Franco-American at MIT, Constant Despardelle.   It is not beond the realm of possibility that Ida may have visited the Atelier Masqueray, and there met Isabel.  But again there is scant evidence to prove or disprove such a theory.

        In addition to these very real possibilities, one could create other possible scenarios. Any one of which might be true. Keep in mind that Ida was active in the suffragette movement.  It is an open question whether or not Isabell was. So far there’s been no indication of that, but she was an independent-minded woman, with a chosen profession that was dominated by men. There may have been both personal philosophical reasons why she might have felt affinities with the suffragette movement. If so, was it possible that through that movement she and Ida met?

        Of course I’d really love to hear from anyone who has information on any of these possibilities - or any other possibility that would lead to an understanding how they first became acquainted, appreciated their common interest of architecture, And brought them into a working relationship by 1920. 

How did they first meet? At the present moment, we just don't know.  

We have a letter from Ida Annah Ryan - who had been a successful architect in Waltham, Massachusetts - who responded to her Massachusetts Institute of Technology Class of 1905 "annual" praising what she found when she relocated in the early 1920s.  It reads as follows:

IDA ANNAH RYAN

ISABEL ROBERTS

Architects

222 South Orange Avenue

Orlando, Florida 

Glad to know of a revival of interest in the Class of '05, particularly in a State where there are so few M.I.T. architects. Henrietta C. Dosier of Jacksonville and Mr. Adams of Tampa , president of the State Architectural Association, being the only two discovered to date.  Florida is the new pioneer state in the United States, has the most equitable climate, except California and is three times as accessible to the East and Middle West.  We have no dull times here - building has continued marvelously through it all - towns spring up like mushrooms, almost, in 90 days.  Good roads are increasing every day and afford the best means of approach to all parts of the Site.  Natural resources are waiting to be developed.  No one knows how many or to what extent.  Hundreds of miles of wild country are waiting for setters.  Parts of the Everglades have been drained and some of the richest truck soil in the world uncovered,  I am glad to be here, and hope to help put this new country in its rightful place on the map.  Cordially, Ida Annah Ryan (1905)

*****

As the firm Ryan and Roberts, they occupied several locations for their studio.  According to their 1921 stationery, their primary place of business was located at 1 McNeil Davies Building, in Orlando, with two alternative addresses also listed, Edgewood Place, in River Forest, Chicago Illinois, and 19 Hammond Street, in Waltham, Massachusetts.  This suggests that both women had retained their previous locations while establishing their new practice in Central Florida.  It also suggests that they were completing remaining projects in Chicago and Waltham as they began their new lives in Orlando.

Ida Annah Ryan was already an architect of note with many successes to her name.  She born on November 4, 1873, at Waltham, MA. Ryan became the first woman to earn a master of science degree from MIT and also the first woman in the United States to receive a master's degree in architecture.

In a lively practice in the Waltham area, Ryan launched the first women's architectural practice in the United States, showing a particular concern for the design of modest housing. In 1909,^[10] Ryan added fellow MIT graduate and women’s rights suffragette and activist Florence Luscomb to her practice, making this one of the first all-women’s architectural practices in the United States.^[11] In February 1913, Miss Ryan was appointed the superintendent of buildings and grounds and buildings inspector for the city of Waltham.  

Ryan was active in the women's suffrage movement, a member of the Waltham Equal Suffrage League and the Political Equality Association of Massachusetts. When the United States entered World War I, Ryan gave her services without charge in designing and decorating the Army and Navy Canteen on Boston Common. Ryan offered her services to the government in Washington, D.C., and was the first woman employed in the War Department (in the gun carriage section).

Ryan began her association with the Central Florida area while still in practice in Massachusetts, designing the Atlantic Coast Line railroad depot in St. Cloud (1917)^[21] and the Unity Chapel of Orlando (built in 1913, remodeled by Ryan and Roberts circa 1920). Throughout this time, Ryan’s many attempts to join the Massachusetts chapter of the American Institute of Architects were rebuffed solely because she was a woman.  A lengthy correspondence regarding her application, the discussion of it by the AIA leadership, and their refusal, is in the AIA archives.  

You may read more about Ida Annah Ryan in my article devoted to her, first published on this blog on April 1, 2022, based on research I began in 2008.

We need to note that even as Ryan and Roberts were making a name for themselves in Orlando, there arose controversy.  Objections were raised regarding Isabel’s use of the title architect, as the term was becoming protected professionally.

To address these objections, Isabel applied for AIA membership.  In the application, she gave her architectural training with E. L. Masqueray, and her employment with Frank Lloyd Wright, and with Guenzel and Drummond, as evidence of her architectural experience.  Several architects of note from Isabel’s Chicago period wrote letters of recommendation on Isabel’s behalf, to help clarify her qualifications.  These letters are now in the AIA archives at The Octagon, the AIA's Washington DC headquarters.  The writers were:  Herman von Holst (who oversaw Wright's practice when he decamped to Europe with Mamah Cheney).  John Van Bergen (Isabel's fellow faithful staff member at the Oak Park Studio, who went on to have a remarkable career as an architect).  And the most telling letter was written by Frank Lloyd Wright himself, as follows: 

That seems about as clear as possible, even down to giving Isabel Roberts his highest accolade of spelling "Architect" with a capital "A".  No mater how Wright would later speak of Isabel's work in the Oak Park Studio, this letter of reference clarifies his view of it, prior to the time in which he became unduly committed to enlarging his accomplishments by dismissing the contributions of his architectural staff.

It was arranged through the good graces of several Orlando area architects for Isabel to take the AIA qualifying tests. A date and location were set.  But when the day arrived, Isabel got cold feet and she did not take them. In reference to her not appearing to take this examination, her second cousin Bill Hogoboom told me when we met together in 2009 that Isabel was a bit "ditzy" (his word, not mine).  That description does not fit the other things we know about Isabel's life accomplishments, and I almost left it out of this article, but in all fairness, decided that to share it might provide some helpful insights.  The chief meaning of the word is "scatterbrained", which also does not describe a woman who designed intricate geometric stained glass, innovative suburban homes, and also kept a busy architectural practice well-organized.  One can characterize Isabel as artistic, creative, well-educated, smart, businesslike, faithful, adventurous, able to old her own in a profession dominated by men, and possessing a refined aesthetic sensibility.  But "ditzy"?  

And so, Isabel did not qualify as an AIA member, then or thereafter.  But she continued to work in partnership with Ida, and their practice continued to be called Ryan and Roberts.  They continued their architectural partnership, but with Isabel listed as a landscape architect, a field that was at that time even less strictly defined than the profession of architect.  To those who insist that to be an architect one had to be a member of the AIA, please, remember that Frank Lloyd Wright was never a member of the AIA.  Does that mean that Frank Lloyd Wright was never really an architect?  What a preposterous claim that would be.

Ryan and Roberts, Architects, became a force to be reckoned with in the greater Orlando of the 1920s.  Their work included fine private residences, a luxury apartment building, a private sanitarium, a municipal library, a hotel, a bank, a funeral home, churches, and an entire seaside subdivision.  They were commissioned to create public structures that helped to define the communities in which they were built, including the Tourist Club of St. Cloud, and the trademark building for the City of Orlando from the 1920s through the 1960s: the Lake Eola Bandshell.  

 As the firm of “Ryan and Roberts”, they were among no more than a dozen architecture firms active in Orlando in the 1920s. Their business is listed under the heading “Architects” as Ryan and Roberts in the 1925 phone book (see illustration below), and the 1926 and 1927 Orlando City Directories at their Kenilworth Terrace address. One of only 10 so listed in 1926, and 12 firms so listed in Orlando in 1927.

The other Orlando architerual firms included: 

    Frank L. Bodine, Fred E. Field, David Hyer, Murry S. King, George E. Krug, Howard M. Reynolds, Frederick H. Trimble and Percy P. Turner. And one of 12 firms so listed in Orlando in 1927, which included Maurice E. Kressly.  All are outstanding regionalist architects.  Together, their works form a wonderful legacy in Central Florida.  

(You can read about each of these firms in the Wikipedia articles about each, which I researched and posted initially, the early 2000's). 

    A list of the other firms at work in Orlando in the 1920s serves to help round out the positive collegial atmosphere they fostered, as they sought to create a type of architecture that was suited to the Central Florida environment.  What emerged was a large body of work from each of these architects that had as its inspiration Spanish Colonial architecture.  

    This was entirely in keeping with the history of Florida, where the first European settlement, and one of the oldest cities in the United States, was founded by Spanish settlers at St. Augustine.  Very few houses from that first Spanish era survive in St. Augustine, and so, there were few architectural presidents to be seen and studied there.  

    Much more available were the Spanish Colonial buildings that survived on the West Coast and in the desert Southwest.  By 1920, these buildings had become the focus of many architects throughout the nation.  They were given even greater attention as the result of a series of valuable scholarly articles authored by Rexford Newcomb, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois, published monthly in a year-long series in "The Western Architect", a professional journal that was read and discussed by architects everywhere.  The articles were considered cutting edge.  They presented authentic Spanish Colonial archtecture in photos and measured drawings, with all its simplified forms, in stucco, with restrained use of ornament, often with either flat roofs or with barrel tile roofs, and parapets that were boldly geometric. 

    The Orlando Group of architect found them entirely in keeping with their goals for a Florida architecture.  As the decade progressed, they implemented these goals in public and private buildings that have come to be highly prized features of Central Florida's architectural heritage.  

    Eager to find a way to describe their new Florida architecture, they held a contest to bring about a name for the type of architecture they were striving for.  The chosen entry was "Spaniflora".  

    As the 1920s progressed, the Central Florida visual environment became more and more "Spaniflora".  Many of the buildings of that time have not survived the one hundred years to the present, but enough of them have survived to serve as examples of the collegial efforts of the Orlando Group.

    Fine examples of "Spaniflora" architecture remaining from these architects include: 

    Frank L. Bodine, the Milner-Rosenwald Academy, 1560 Highland Street, Mt. Dora, Florida - 1926

    David Hyer, "O-Po-Le-O" ("House Between the Waters" in the Seminole Language) The Grace Philips Johnson Estate, 1005 Edgewater Drive, Orlando, Florida, 1928.  This is the best situated and finest Mediterranean Revival mansion in Central Florida, on the isthmus between Lake Concord and Lake Adair, with sweeping views towards downtown Orlando. Hyer worked in the Orlando area from the mid 1920's until November 1935, when he returned to Charleston SC.  While working in Orlando, James Gamble Rogers II worked in association with him. An example of the Hyer / Rogers II association is the Norman French style John H. Huttig Estate at 435 Peachtree Road, on the south shore of Lake Concord in Orlando.  The Grace Phillips Johnson House is shown below.

    Murry S. King, Park Lake Presbyterian Church, 309 East Colonial Drive, Orlando, Florida, 1924. (Pictured below).

    King is widely and rightly considered the dean of the 1920s Orlando Group of architects; he was a friend and colleague of Ryan and Roberts, and in his Spanish Colonial Revival work, great affinities can be seen between his aesthetic and theirs.  Indeed, all of the 1920s Orlando architects were of a similar mind, as to the type of architecture that they believed best suited the Central Florida climate. 

    It is important to mention that this church is only a short walk from Isabel and Ida's home and studio on Kenilworth, in this same Park Lake neighborhood.  Isabel was a member of this congregation after she belonged to the St. Cloud Presbyterian Church and First Presbyterian Church of Orlando.  

    Recent research has brought fascinating information to light about Isabel's connection to this congregation.  

    My long-time friend and college, the church's co-pastor, Helen Debevoise, has written to me on June 29, 2022, to share the following, in response to my asking her whether the church had any information about Isabel.  

    "Here's what I found in our official records.  Miss Isabel Roberts was received by transfer of letter on October 7, 1925, from First Presbyterian Church Orlando. She was in the first group to join Park Lake at its beginning.  Dedication Sunday was October 14, 1925.  She may have been listed as the 159th member to join.  I need to confirm that notation.  A record shows she died December 27, 1955.  

    "Dan" (Helen's husband and co-pastor of the church) "must be referring to her when he said, 'I heard Frank Lloyd Wright's secretary was a member of Park Lake'. Dan has read a letter from the Wright Foundation requesting information about Isabel Roberts. ... 

    "There's a 1926 church directory listing her in Circle Number 5" (Circles are women's study and prayer groups in the Presbyterian Church).  "Her address is Roberts and Ryan, S Orange Ave.  Her name is spelled 'Isabelle'.  Larger Church directory lists her address as 1240 Kenilworth Drive." (that is, the Ryan and Roberts Home and Studio in the Park Lake neighborhood).  

    Wow!

    This is exciting new information.  Thank you, Hellen, for sharing it!  

    I am reminded anew that Isabel was a devout woman of faith and a dedicated lifelong Presbyterian.  Notice how she was intentional about maintaining her membership in the Presbyterian Churches that were nearest her home, whether as a young woman in South Bend, or in her various moves within Central Florida.  

    I suppose Park Lake would call her a Charter Member.  The church was brand new when Isabel transferred her membership from First Presbyterian in downtown Orlando.  And being among the "first group to join" that is what I would call her.  

    Those familiar with Orlando geography and history will tell you the Park Lake neighborhood was a new and attractive northern suburban development around Park Lake in the 1920s.  Isabel and Ida not only built their own home and studio there, they also designed other neighborhood homes as well. (How many is still being discovered).  The neighborhood was upscale then and it remains today one of Orlando's most desirable neighborhoods for professionals and their families. 

    I must say that I am intrigued - and more - that the Wright Foundation KNOWS that Isabel was a member of the Park Lake Presbyterian Church, and has even bothered to correspond with the church about her. (!!)  Where Isabel's work is concerned, certainly, this is not a main avenue of research.  It is an obscure tidbit of information.  That they have asked, indicates that much more research has been undertaken by the Wright Foundation, else why would they  even know enough to ask the question.  

    Curiouser and curiouser. 

    It shows that there is focused and detail oriented research going on from that quarter, which as yet (mid-2022) has not been mentioned or published by them.  They most certainly have read my 16 years worth of research, and are trying to build upon it.  And they know much more about Isabel being an architect than they are letting on.  

    Perhaps, at long last, the architectural history pundits and Wright devotees who have long insisted that Isabel was' just a secretary', will acknowledge that she was in fact an architect in her own right, as evidenced by her academic training in Manhattan, her considerable experience in the Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, and in her own highly successful architectural practice with Ida Annah Ryan in Orlando.  

    Let's hope so. 

    Isabel's recognition from that quarter is many, many decades overdue. 

    Howard M. Reynolds, Marks Street School, 99 East Marks Street, Orlando, Florida, 1925; and Cherokee School, 500 South Eola Drive, Orlando, Florida, 1927.

Marks Street School (above and below)

Cherokee School

    Frederick H. Trimble, Vero Theater, 2036 14th Avenue, Vero Beach, Florida, 1924.    

    Percy P. Turner. 803 Lake Adair Boulevard, Orlando, Florida, 1925, (Below):

    Maurice E. Kressly. Casa de la Esquina, Palmer and Alabama Drive, Winter Park, 1922.  And Casa Alameda, 754 Seville Place, Orlando, Florida (Below):. 

 

Arthur Beck (1899-1990) Casa Caprona, Ft. Pierce, Florida - 1926:

George E. Krug, Eola House, Orlando, Florida:

Eola House

512 East Washington Street

Orlando, Florida

This house (above) which is owned by the city of Orlando is situated in Lake Eola Park.

Eola House, Orlando, Florida. Eola House was built for Anna Eleanor (nee Herold) and George Smith Marsh and their daughter Anna,  in 1924. The estimated cost of the residence was $9,500. The style of the house is a riff on Mediterranean Revival that was championed by the Orlando Group of architects with the name “Spaniflora”. It was very popular in the boom years in Florida. The porch showcases twisted columns and stylized Corinthian capitals, as well as the decorative quatrefoil window over the entry. The house is constructed of clay tile block with a finish of rough stucco, and barrel tile roof.  George Marsh (1874-February 10, 1964) was an important figure in Florida's citrus industry. Marsh is believed to have created the “Marsh Seedless Grapefruit”. This home was placed on the register of Orlando's historic sites in 1991. Anna died in 1954. George Marsh lived here until the age of 90.  The house has been beautifully restored and meticulously maintained by the City of Orlando and plays host to wedding receptions and similar functions. The Marshes are buried in Orlando’s historic Greenwood Cemetery.  Recent research has revealed that the architect of the Eola House was  George E. Krug. You can read about him in the article I wrote on Wikipedia. 

  Mention must be made here of the disparaging comments by some architectural historians regarding the Orlando Group of architects (and architects elsewhere) who were designing their buildings in "styles" which were not, therefore, entirely new forms.  

    First, it is important to remember that by the time WWI was over, so was the Chicago Group's Prairie Style movement.  It had had notable success in Chicago and in the upper midwest.  Its ideas had been spread by publications such as "The Western Architect" and the anthologies of residential architecture edited by Hermann V. Von Holst.  The ideas had been spread by the relocation of some of its chief proponents elsewhere (such as Irving Gill, to southern California).  But as the public interest in the prairie school idiom waned, there arose regional responses that took even the best-known practitioners of the movement in new directions, which were almost exclusively connected to or inspired by historic architectural styles.  

    For example, Wright associated architects William Drummond and John Van Bergen, whose prairie style designs are second to none, thereafter each created successful and pleasing works in Colonial Revival and Tudor styles in the same Chicago neighborhoods where once they designed prairie style residences, sometimes next door to each other.  Another architect from the Oak Park Studio. Barry Byrne, developed his own distinctive architectural style which is highly personal and has affinities to the Art Deco movement.  

    Off in Australia, two of Wright's most creative former employees, Walter Burley Griffin and Marian Mahoney Griffin elaborated upon ideas that they had begun in Iowa during their independent USA practice, and they went on to become the darlings of a continent, where they are still lionized a century later, and deservedly so.  

    The aforementioned Irving Gill, who had worked alongside Wright at Adler and Sullivan, and had been criticized by Wright for dressing as he did, in the Elbert Hubbard (or Little Lord Fanutleroy!) artsy style of clothing, left most of the identifiable Chicago School ideas behind, when he moved to Southern California.  And, there he created what can be called the first modern architecture with a poetic soul.  Some of the work by Irving Gill is remarkably similar to some of the work that Ryan and Roberts did.  

    Another Oak Park Studio employee, Albert McArthur, devised textile block construction for the Arizona Biltmore - a work of which McArthur was the architect, and which he designed.  However, Wright enjoyed giving himself credit for it, as have many who followed his lead.  (Wright asked McArthur for permission to use a modified version of the Arizona Biltmore blocks for his own work in California in the 20's).

    Moreover, Frank Lloyd Wright abandoned the prairie style for his experiments in Mayan Revival in California, his take on Art Deco (Johnson Wax) and International Style (Fallingwater) works of the late 1930s, and his Usonian and flights of fancy forms of his old age.  

    To chastise any one of these for not continuing to work in the prairie school idiom is to open all the rest to similar unwarranted criticism

    Ryan and Roberts began designing buildings together just as the demand for prairie style buildings was waining.  Several of their works have themes that can be traced back to the prairie style, including the Veterans Memorial Library, the Dodds Residence, and the Lake Eola Band Shell.  The Veterans Memorial Library would be right at home in a small town setting in Wisconsin or Minnesota.  The Dodds Residence could hold its own with all the other prairie school houses in the Chicago suburbs.   And the Lake Eola Bandshell could just as easily be a boathouse on Delaven Lake.  But as the 1920s progressed, they created landmark buildings in a "Spaniflora" variety of Spanish or Mediterranean Revival style in Central Florida, some of which still stand today.  

    This list of their works is incomplete and you can help expand it, by sharing with me information about other structures you understand to have been designed by Ryan and Roberts:

Veterans Memorial Library - 1012 Massachusetts Ave., St. Cloud, Florida - Isabel Roberts’ brother-in-law, John B. Somerville, served on the building committee, a connection which resulted in Ryan and Roberts obtaining this commission. In 1922, an outline of what was desired was laid before architects Miss Ida Annah Ryan and Miss Isabel Roberts of Orlando. The plans submitted by these ladies were subsequently accepted. The architects insisted on a motto; Carlyle's, "The true university is a collection of books," was chosen. The building, although described at the time as being of Grecian style, is in fact reminiscent of the "jewel box" rectangular designs of many of the Prairie School small bank buildings of the upper Midwest by Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, Purcell and Elmslie, and others. The library is constructed of hollow tile with stained stucco exterior, well-maintained, and still in use today. It now houses the St. Cloud Heritage Museum. The building is currently owned by the City of St. Cloud; however, the museum is operated solely by volunteers of the Woman's Club of St. Cloud, whose clubhouse is next-door.  Although it is not a large building, it has a large presence due to the bold geometric lines of the main facade.  Prairie Style themes in addition to the "box bank" massing include the grouped windows, the flat roof, the strongly defined cornice and window surrounds, and the use of casement windows broken into geometric panes. The symmetry and the central door also reflect the prairie style bank buildings.  Some observers see a direct connection to lines of Unity Temple in Oak Park, in this little gem of a building.  

    The library was dedicated on February 11, 1923.  Sixty members of the Grand Army of the Republicans forty members of its auxiliary, the Women's Relief Corps, marched to the Library for the flag-raising ceremony.  After the ceremony, the club handed the building over to the city of St. Cloud.

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida

Main Facade

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida

Main Facade from right

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida

Main Facade from left

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida

Window Detail

 

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida - Window Detail

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida - Transom

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida - Porch Ceiling Detail

Veterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida - Corner DetailVeterans Memorial Library, St. Cloud, Florida - Rear View

The Carnegie Library of Bayonne,New Jersey 

shown for comparison purposes. 

The Stonewall Dominion Post Office

Stonewall, Manitoba

Wright associated architect Francis Conroy Sullivan, 1914-15

Shown for comparison purposes

Amherst Apartments - 325 West Colonial Drive, Orlando, Florida - The Amherst Apartments were, for many years, Orlando’s most prestigious apartment address. Designed by Ida A. Ryan and Isabel Roberts in the Prairie Style and built in 1921-1922, it featured forty-seven apartments (although see the circa 1927 ad below that s ays 67) situated on park-like grounds overlooking picturesque Lake Concord. 

Stylistically this building looks much like the competition design for the proposed German Embassy building by Guenzel and Drummond, which was designed while Isabel Roberts was working for that Chicago area firm (illustration below).  The H shape plan, window patterns, three story height, restrained use of ornament, and general air of stability make the two designs cousins if not siblings.  

The three story building was demolished in 1986; the “Fanatic” building (also now demolished) was for some years on this site, thereafter.  Although the building is long gone, vintage post cards show it in some detail, and also indicate that it was a place of interest in its long history as the foremost residential apartment building in Orlando:

Amherst Apartments, Orlando, Florida - Circa 1922

Gunnel and Drummond - German Embassy Design - 1915

Amherst Apartments Lakefront, Orlando - Lake Concord to the left

Amherst Apartments, Orlando, Florida - street view

Tourist Club House - 700 Indiana Ave., St. Cloud, Florida.  (demolished). This club house for the Tourist Club of St. Cloud was opened in the city park on December 3, 1923. Designed by Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts, it shows the influence of the Prairie School with which Roberts was associated.  As designed, it is a rectangular structure with clearstory windows and a barrel-roofed auditorium.

The building resembles the vacation homes that Frank Lloyd Wright designed in Ocean Springs while working for Louis Sullivan.  His Oak Park Studio developed this style with open, airy plans, low-pitched hip or gable roofs, horizontal brick walls, exposed rafter ends, broad overhanging eaves and grouped wood windows. The building was torn down circa 2004.

The Ryan/Roberts Home and Studio – 834 Kenilworth Terrace, Orlando, Florida.  Ryan and Roberts designed this Mediterranean Revival style home and adjoining studio for their own use in 1920-24. They worked and lived here until their lives' ends in the 1950s.

The stucco structure with gable roof is in a "Spaniflora" simplified Mediterranean Revival style. The former studio faces the street. The original front door to the residential portion of the building is on the north side of the house, with a Juliet balcony above.  Formerly the entire block north of this house was Ryan and Roberts' front yard and flower garden, until those lots were sold off.  

Details of the design include asymmetrical window placements, decorative gable end tile vents and vertical attic vents, side yard orientation and gently scalloped corner buttresses. Among other charming details are the pent roof awning over the studio windows on the south side, the prairie style tile and elongated horizontal decoration on each side of the studio entrance, and the "face" porch bracket on either side of the front door. Inside it retains its Rookwood tile fireplace surrounds and built in wooden storage cabinets, although the original tile risers for the stairway have been replaced by nondescript contemporary tile.  The garage is a later addition, and while sympathetically done, it throws off the proportions of the home and studio.  Nonetheless, it is a very well maintained private residence today.

Questions remain about what happened to Ryan and Roberts papers.  One homes that the still exist, somewhere.   In my conversations with Isabel's cousins, the Hogobooms, they assure me that they do not have them.  The Hogoboom cousins cared for Isabel here, in her old age, in the last few years of her life.  I wonder if the attic of the Kenilworth residence has been scrutinized to determine if any of their papers were stored there and forgotten.  One can only hope.

The architects were familiar with the work of Irving Gill in California.  There are similar elements in his house designs.  Irving's Wheeler Bailey house of 1907 in La Jolla shares stucco finish, decorative eave brackets, Juliet balcony, grouped windows, built in wooden storage cabinets, albeit on a larger scale..

Whether any of the resultant homes on Kenilworth Terrace or the surrounding Park Lake neighborhood were designed by Ryan and Roberts is not yet known.

Ryan and Roberts Home and Studio, Home, Main Entrance, Above

Ryan and Roberts Home and Studio - Street View from left, Studio Entrance

Ryan and Roberts Home and Studio - Studio Entrance from Street

852 Park Lake Circle, Orlando, Florida. 1926

This highly sophisticated house exemplifies the 1920s version of the Italian Villa revival - a smoother, simpler, and more graceful mode that that of the Italianate Revival of the 19th century.  Characterizing this revival style is the use of the then newly-popular buff stucco.  Other design elements that speak of the Italian Villa revival are the low hip roof (also a Prairie School favorite), the round headed windows and French doors, the grouped casement windows, and the awning type pent roof over the downstairs windows.  The Juliet balcony and the free placement of the windows are both a Ryan and Roberts trademark.  A sense of balance is achieved without the use of strict symmetry - so much so that the observer must take a moment to see (for instance) that the windows to the right of the door do not "line up" with those on the second floor directly above them.  Not incidentally, Park Lake Circle is one street west of the location of the Ryan and Roberts Home and Studio.

The Chapel at the Fisk Funeral Home, 1107-1111 Massachusetts Avenue, St. Cloud.  This building was constructed in 1909 for Dr. C. S Cooper, to serve as St. Cloud's early hospial, with several beds in the doctor's office.  C. E. Carlson bought the building in 1918, after Dr. Cooper's death.  Carlson converted it to n undertaking establishment, a purpose it continues to serve a century later.  The Ryan and Roberts remolding dates to 1925, for the Eiselstein Brothers.  Stylistically, it is Moorish or Mediterranean Revival, which was dubbed "Spaniflora" locally, and was a stylistic trend shared by many commercial structures in St. Cloud.  

The parapet is a Ryan and Roberts signature element, similar to the Peoples Bank Building, the St. Cloud Presbyterian Church, and the Pennsylvania Hotel.  The arcade and window archway motifs are more Moorish than Spanish in inspiration.

The basic lines from their 1925 remodel remain, but the facade has been altered, especially on the second floor "tower".  Notice the continuous window sills on the second floor, indicating the there was formerly two set of triple windows, with only the middle not now remaining.  Similar continuous windows were on each of the sides of the tower as well.  Visualizing them offers a better sense of the original.  The awning type windows are a later modification.  The originals were simple sash widows, per archival photographs.  

In recent years a Florida historic marker has been placed at the Fisk Funeral Home.

Fisk Funeral Home, St Cloud, Florida - Three Views circa 2008

The Pennsylvania Hotel Building, 10th Street between Pennsylvania Ave. and Florida Avenue, St. Cloud, Florida.  This was a remodeling and expansion of the existing hotel structure following a fire.  The parapet was redesigned to look much like the architect's People's Bank Building also on 10th Street.  Designed in a subtile Spanish Revival ("Spaniflora") style, this building has always held a movie theatre.  The building now houses the St. Cloud Twin Theatres.^[11]

The Pennsylvania Hotel, St. Cloud, before remodeling - above

Pennsylvania Hotel - photos below circa 2008

The Pennsylvania Hotel as remodeled by Ryan and Roberts

The Peoples Bank Building, southeast corner of 10th Street and New York Avenue, St. Cloud, Florida.  The bank failed in the late Twenties; the building has since been used as a cafe and barber shop.^[12]  

The building has a subtle Spanish Revival theme, much simplified, and uses a careful geometry of paired second floor windows, and decorative cornice parapet. There are inset niches centered on the parapet announcing the building's original use.  

The design of Irving Gill's Russell Allen House in Bonita, California (circa 1907) can be conceded a stylistic antecedent of this style.  

This building and others by Ryan and Roberts in St. Cloud all contribute to the city's "wild west" sensibilities.  

Peoples Bank Building - photos above April 2022; below 2008

The Peoples Bank Building, St. Cloud, Florida - Corner View

The Peoples Bank Building, St. Cloud - View from left

The Peoples Bank Building -  Parapet and Sign

The St. Cloud Presbyterian Church - (demolished). A Spanish Colonial / Mediterranean Revival complete remodeling and expansion of the previous church building, designed by Ryan and Roberts in the early 1920s.  

The stucco/adobe style is similar to their other stucco buildings, notably with its decorative parapets the lines of which are inspired by The Alamo in San Antonio, Texas.  

This building served the congregation well for many years.  Isabel Roberts was a member of this congregation at the time they designed it.  Vintage post cards remain to record their design, including these:

Ross E. Jeffries Elementary School - 1200 Vermont Avenue, St. Cloud, Florida.  Circa 1926.  Records show that the designer of the Mediterranean Revival school building were Ryan and Roberts.  

The building is distinguished by an arched porch in the offset tower main entry, and a low profile accented by a curved parapet roofed bay.  

The facade consists chiefly of large tri-part Chicago style windows, with small end windows as accents.  Ryan and Roberts were especially adept at asymmetric window placement, which is seen here to good effect, especially in the entrance tower.  

Jeffries Elementary School, St. Cloud - Three Views

Lester M. Austin, Sr. Residence - 541 North Boyd Street, Winter Garden, Florida.  Circa 1927.  A large Mediterranean Revival stucco house with barrel roof tiles and triplet arched windows.  

Local tradition says that the construction workers were given the day off on May 21, 1927, in order to celebrate Charles Lindbergh's solo transatlantic flight.  

   

This is a larger version of the architects' own home and studio.  It shares the stucco exterior, the decorative tile vents in the gables, one-story gabled end front area with two story massing behind it, and centered gable end chimney placement with the Kenilworth house.

Lester Marvin Austin was born on April 26, 1890 in Bowling Green, Kentucky.  He died on October 22, 1966, in Winter Garden.  A citrus grower, he was the owner of Austin Grovers.  The Austin Residence is well-maintained and remains in private hands.

Austin Residence, Winter Garden, Florida - Three views

"Villa Formosa" - Matilda Alexandra Fraser Residence - 802 North Lake Formosa Drive, Orlando, Florida.  Circa 1929-1930.  

A spacious elegant Mediterranean Revival stucco mansion situated on one of Orlando's secluded lakes, the Fraser Residence is well maintained and remains in private hands.  This home served as the Orlando Opera Gild's 1988 Designer Show House.  

This house was designed in the late 1920s, for a recently retired schoolteacher and suffragette friend of the architects, from Boston.  It is surrounded by mature 100-year old landscaping and is the picture of quintessential old Florida. 

Ryan and Roberts' freedom with window shapes and placement is particularly evident in this house, as is their use of round-headed French doors and similar windows, without any 45 degree angle dividers, and with the two half circa segments on each side.  This was a popular device with the firm, and might be thought of as one of their trademarks, as was the Juliet balcony over the front door.

Villa Formosa - Matilda A. Fraser Residence, Orlando, Florida 

Matilda Fraser at the wheel of her car with sister suffragettes, Boston

Unity Chapel Orlando - (demolished) - For many years, this charming building, in a stuccoed English vernacular style, was the worship home of First Unitarian Church of Orlando, located near Lake Eola, alongside the Masonic Temple.  Ida Annah Ryan was a member of this congregation.

Unity Chapel, Orlando, Florida 

Lake Eola Band Stand - built in 1924, since demolished.  

Cantilevered hip roof over lozenge shaped deck, with distinctive Prairie Style lamps on the entrance bridge stairs.  

This structure has affinities with several smaller structures that were produced at the Oak Park Studio, notably, boathouses for Wisconsin's Delaven Lake.  One would have liked to have been at the first city commission meeting where the plans for the band stand were unfurled.  One can almost hear the Orlando city commissioner clients saying, "What?  IN the lake, not on the shore?"  A brilliant solution, both visually and acoustically, allowing for a dream-like visual quality as well as the wafting music, carried across the waters.

For much of the first half of the twentieth century, this band stand served not only its musical purpose, but even more notably as the visual symbol of Orlando, and it was featured in many promotional publications and post cards, including those seen below:

    The story behind the creation of the band stand is quite interesting, and has been researched by Orlando author, columnist, and historian Joy Wallace Dickinson:  

    On July 15, 1923, a brief article appeared in the Orlando Sentinel, under the heading: "Architects Are Drawing Plans for Improvements". The article stated: 

    "Several Orlando architects are busily engaged making sketches for a band stand or band shell for Lake Eola, and a municipal bathing pavilion for Lake Lorna Doone.  These sketches are at the request of the city commissioners who will pass them at next Saturday's meeting.  The architects are limited in making their sketches to an appropriation of $8,000--$2,000 for the band stand, and $6,000 for the pavilion.  Several drawings were seen yesterday, and they are most attractive."

    On November 16, 1923, the newspaper updated the public on the quest for the new band stand, reporting under the headline "Band Stand Model on View":

    "Anent the band stand to be built in Lake Eola, the model was on view yesterday a the offices of Ryan & Roberts, and gives a definite view of what a picturesque as well as useful addition to the charms of the already lovely park this structure will afford.  It is to be built out in the lake, with an approach from what will constitute the side of the stand, this being long, raised a few step, with ornamental light standards at the entrance.

    The shore south of the stand will be graded in such a manner that a waiting pool will be left at one side of the space allotted to the spectators, who will be so placed that the high school building will immediately face them, acting to a certain extent as a sounding board to augment the music, instead of producing the echo which would ensue were the band placed facing it.  A portable shell will still further augment acoustical values, and can be removed at such times as it is desired to have the lake surface carry the sound during water pageant and the like.

    An acoustical test will be made with the assistance of Edgar A. Ball, bandmaster, early next week, after which work will start immediately on construction of the building, for which charming plans have ben drawn.  Without doubt it will be ready for use by the first of the year."

    The next mention we have of the band stand appeared in the November 25, 1923 "Sentinel":

    "Ryan & Roberts have the plans for the new band stand ready to submit to the city commission at the next meeting on Monday, and upon their acceptance, bids will be at once asked.  Without doubt the stand will be ready for us January 1."

Dr. William H. Dodds House - 1016 Florida Avenue, St. Cloud, Florida.  

This two-story Prairie Style house features two bedrooms and bath on the second level, one bedroom and bath on the lower level, as well as living room, dining space, kitchen.  

There is an original detached hip-roofed garage to the rear of the property. Built circa 1924-1925.  The front porch has been enclosed and the front balcony as well.  Ev en so this house would look very much a home in Oak Park or River Forest, Illinois.  See for comparison purposes the Laura Gale House in Oak Park, by Frank Lloyd Wright.  

Dr. Dodds was born in 1870.  He lived until November 28, 1939.  His final resting place is Greenwood Cemetery in Orlando.  Dr. Dodds married twice; first to Wilhelmina Ruscher, who was his wife when this house was built; second to Jessie Hawley.  

Dodds Residence, St. Cloud, Florida - Street View (above and below)

The Laura Gale House, Oak Park, Illinois, Frank Lloyd Wright

Above - shown for  comparison purposes.

Dodds Residence, St. Cloud, Florida - Front Door

1405 Cypresss Avenue, St. Cloud, Florida

The design of the house ties it closely to the People's Bank Building as well as to the house at 406 Niblick Avenue in College Park, that Ryan and Roberts designed in conjunction with Sam Stoltz.  While the main massing of the house is simplified Spaniflora, the projecting one story entry area has affinities with the prairie style.  The niche makes me wonder if there was once a Sam Stoltz mural there.  My  photos of this house date from circa 2008.  I hope to revisit the house and get updated photos, soon.  With any luck, the aluminum awnings will have been removed.

"Villa Lake Lucy" - 8320 Silver Star Road, Orlando, Florida.  

This grand two story Mediterranean Revival stucco and barrel tile five bedroom estate home overlooking Lake Lucy was built in 1924.  Connected with the developer of Lake Lucy, David Purdy Sias, who was also involved in other Central Florida subdivision developments in the 1920s (including the Ryan and Roberts Cape Canaveral development, Orlantic), the gracious home has several outbuildings including a garage and pool pavilion which are later than the main house.  

Architectural details that are familiar elements of Ryan and Roberts design include round headed French doors, whimsical window styles and placement, wrought iron railings, and decorative tiles for the stairway risers.  

The house has had sympathetic remodeling down the years, and is a well maintained private residence today.  (Lake Lucy was named by David Purdy Sias in honor of his mother).

Villa Lake Lucy, Orlando, Florida - Ariel Views (above and below)

Villa Lake Lucy - Front Gate on SilverStar Road

Villa Lake Lucy - Main Entry

Villa Lake Lucy - Garden Front Detail with pent roof

Villa Lake Lucy - Interior Stairway with tile and ironwork

Villa Lake Lucy - Garden Front Terrace and Stairs

Villa Lake Lucy - Garden Front

The Howell Sanitarium, 200 West Gore Street, Orlando, October 1921, Renovations (demolished).  

The Howell Sanitarium was organized as a private institution by Dr. Joseph Corwin Howell, D. O., a leading osteopathic physician.  Ryan and Roberts designed it, as a remodeling of an existing apartment building, for use as a rest cure, milk cure, and water cure private hospital facility.  

The two story building was given a simplified exterior design, including enlarged windows to allow better sunlight exposure and greater airflow.  A bracketed pent eave arched canopy over the front door, and a broad front terrace with prairie style planters all helped give the building an up-to-date, modern (for the time) and welcoming aspect.  Decorative geometric latticework in a distinctive pattern completed the exterior design.  

Considering the restraints imposed by the project being a remodeling, it is notable that it resembles Irving GIll's Scripps Lab at La Jolla.

Dr. J. C. Howell was a member of the board and the treasurer of the First Unitarian Church of Orlando, whose Unity Chapel Ryan and Roberts designed, and of which Ida Annah Ryan was also a member.  

Dr. J. C. Howell Business Notice

Howell Sanitarium, Orlando, Florida (above and below)

        Early Rising Masonic Lodge Building - 341 North Pennsylvania Avenue, Winter Park, Florida.  As built, the structure had many familiar elements of the Ryan  and Roberts commercial buildings elsewhere, including the "false front" facade, the symmetrically placed second floor windows with horizontal mullions, the shed porch roof, the simplified Spanish style parapet, and subtle detailing (brick design in the gable end).  For a while in the early 21st century, the lower level was was known as Franks Market.  Now, much remodeled, and looking much better cared for, it has lost a lot of the specific design characteristics that made it a work in the same family as Ryan and Roberts' Pennsylvania Hotel in St Cloud, Florida.  

Below, first three photos are the "Before" and the next three show the house "After" the remodeling.

"Orlantic" Speculative Land Development Neighborhood - Cape Canaveral, Florida, 1924.  Recent research has revealed that Isabel Roberts and Ida Annah Ryan were the chief owners and developers of a property in Brevard County that was designed to be a beachside community called "Orlantic".  Lots were platted and about a dozen seem to have been the site of either summer or year round dwellings.  Whether designed by Ryan and Roberts or others, is not yet known.  

Many of the investors in the development were members of Isabel Roberts' and Ida Annah Ryan's extended family.  Among others were architectural clients who had commissioned structures by Ryan and Roberts (including David Pryor Sias and Matilda A. Fraser).  Street names were evocative of the interests of both of the architects.  Rookwood Avenue was named for the Rookwood Studios whose American Art Pottery tiles graced a number of the Ryan and Roberts projects.  Cherokee and Pueblo Avenues shed light on one of the architects' sources of inspiration for their work - the indigenous architecture of the desert southwest.  Other street names (Tuscarora Avenue, Quinten Avenue, Riverside Drive) have not yet yielded up their secrets of why Isabel and Ida selected them.  Intermarine Avenue evokes the beachside location.  Old Seminole Highway 75 formed the eastern most north-south street.  

By the 1950s, titles to the land at Orlantic had been given by Miss Ryan and Miss Roberts to the remaining property owners there.  Not long thereafter, the United States Government purchased the entire Orlantic development for use as part of the new space center.  Today, the nearest feature of the space center to the location of the Orlantic subdivision is Launch Complex 40, which is situated directly west of the Atlantic Ocean beachfront site of Orlantic.  It seems no traces of the dwellings or the development remain.  And of course, any opportunity to explore the site is restricted due to security concerns at the Cape, as well they should be.  As further research brings more information to light about the Orlantic development and its property owners, it will be added here.  

If you or a member of your extended family owned a lot at "Orlantic", or if you were ever a visitor there, I would be very glad to hear from you.  Just add to the Comments, and I will get in touch.  Many thanks!

(I am deeply indebted to Michael J Boonstra, Genealogy Librarian/Archivist, Catherine Schweinsberg Rood Central Library and Brevard County Historical Society, and his associates, for the research during March 11-16, 2022, that has brought the existence of Orlantic from conjecture to proven fact.) 

Above - Orlantic Subdivision Plan 1926

Above - Orlantic Subdivision location on Cape Canaveral, Florida

"Orlantic", Cape Canaveral, Florida - View from the air, circa 1951

Isabel is listed in the 1930 US census at "Isabelle D. Roberts".  A look thorugh the Glover, Roberts, and Harris family trees does not yield anyone with a name that begins with "D", so it is not yet known what that initial stands for.

With the economic stresses of the onset of the Great Depression, most building projects came to a halt in Central Florida.  Ida Ryan wrote to the AIA asking them to inactivate her membership, because their lack of work meant that the annual dues were a burden she no longer wished to bear.  

The early 1930s until the early 1950s can be considered the quiet years of the architects' lives, as by all accounts, they were no longer practicing, and were by this time senior citizens. 

Isabel Roberts cared for Ida Annah Ryan at home until her death in February of 1950. 

Isabel Roberts lived in Orlando for the remainder of her life and was cared for by her cousins who came from the midwest to do so, in her last three years.  Her remains are buried in historic Greenwood Cemetery, Orlando, alongside her mother and her sister.^[13]

        All three graves were unmarked until March 16, 2016, when a handsome commemorative headstone was placed on Isabel Roberts' grave. I spoke at the dedication ceremony that day.

    Olive Horning of the Veterans Memorial Library reports that all of the drawings and correspondence connected with Ryan and Robert's commission to design that building are preserved by the Women's Club of St. Cloud.  These would provide a great deal of information to a researcher. 

    Otherwise, the whereabouts of both professional and personal materials, drawings, letters, photographs, is unknown.  if by some chance you are aware of any of these, please get in touch with me and let me know about them.

Some Developments since 2008:

     Ever since I created the Wikipedia article about Isabel Roberts, ever so surely, the word about Isabel Roberts' architecture career has been spreading, and as it does, more information comes to light.  Along the way, in the past decade and a half, these works have helped to get the word out:

-    Sara Allanbak referenced my research in her book, "The First Women Architects", Urbana University of Illinois Press, 2008.

-     Architect Beverly Willis included Isabel Roberts and Ida Annah Ryan in her documentary "A Girl is a Fellow Here: 100 Women Architects" which debuted at the Guggenheim Museum in Manhattan, in 2009.

-     My article "The Pathbreaking Legacy of Ryan and Roberts" appeared in the Summer 2009 "Reflections from Central Florida".  (Journal of the Historical Society of Central Florida)

-     Several outstanding articles by Joy Wallace Dickinson have appeared in the Orlando Sentinel, including: "Women Architects Brought Big City Style to '20s Orlando" (Orlando Sentinel). "Roberts Brought Wright Style to Region's Landmark Buildings" " (Orlando Sentinel, September 11, 2011), "Isabel Roberts Helped Shape Early Orlando Architecture" (Orlando Sentinel, May 25, 2015), "Orlando's Trailblazer's Grave to Bear Her Name at Last" (Orlando Sentinel, March 13, 2016).

-     Gregory Stock, AIA has written "Isabel Roberts and Ida Annah Ryan" for the Orlando Foundation for Architecture.

-     David Rifkind utilizes my research in his page about Isabel as part of "Pioneering Women of American Architecture" (Beverly Wilis Foundation, 2022).

-    Lisa D. Schrenk includes some of my research in her book, "The Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright", University of Chicago Press,  2021.

-     "International Women's Day: Isabel Roberts" by Rachel Freundt, March 8, 2022, Architecture and History of Chicagoland.    

 -    On June 22, 2022, "Two Women and the Pavilion in the Water", a documentary based on my ongoing research about Isabel Roberts, had its premier at the Winter Park Library.  Since then, it has been shown during 2022 to a meeting of architects in Orlando, as well as a gathering at the Veterans Memorial Library in St. Cloud, and as part of the Parlor Series at Casa Feliz in Winter Park.  You can see my remarks from the Casa Feliz showing in the October 2022 posts on this blog.

    In short, the word is getting out.  Isabel and Ida are getting the recognition that is theirs.  

Addendum:

    Ongoing research is focusing on the following buildings (and others) as probably by Ryan and Roberts:

613 East Ridgewood Street

Orlando, Florida

The apartment building shown above has been referenced as possibly by Ryan and Roberts.

This building has close affinities to the known work by Ryan and Roberts in St. Cloud.

Note that this apartment building is situated next door to The Revival, shown below.

The Revival

601 East Ridgewood Street

Orlando, Florida

Circa 1928

Now luxury loft condominiums

Shown above.

Compare the windows to those at the Fisk Funeral Home in St. Cloud.

The home shown above and below has been said to be by Ryan and Roberts.

Some sources say that Ryan and Roberts designed a house on Orlando's Lake Rowena.

 Above and below are the two most likely possibilities.

The house shown above is gorgeous but to my eyes has more of a James Gamble Rogers II look.  The house below, even if painted an unfortunate shade of brown, seems more likely.  Look at it squinty eyed as if painted in white or ochre.

    

Carl Dann House, 605 Hillcrest Street, Lake Eola Heights, Orlando, Florida.  This two story Italian Villa Revival has close affinities to the house Ryan and Roberts designed located on Park Lake Circle.  Carl Dann, rather famously, was a very successful Orlando Contractor and developer.  HIs business was the Orange County Investment Company.  Carl Dann's next home, a woodland lodge style residence, on Dubsdred Golf Course, was designed by Sam Stoltz.  Carl Dann and Sam Stoltz were partners in developing the resort hotel and the story book Plymouthonian houses in Mount Plymouth.  Ida Ryan was said to have worked with Sam Stoltz on a number of his commissions. (photos to follow).

Recent research by Michael Boonstra has identified an article in the August 6, 1931 "Cocoa Tribune" indicating two Ryan and Roberts dwellings in the Canaveral and Rockledge area.  "The Misses Ryan and Roberts, of Orlando, who were the architects for the house of Miss Emma Adams, are now remodeling the Thompson place at Rockledge". (under the headline 'Canaveral'):

Miss Emma Adams Residence - Canaveral - Circa 1928/1929.  Address given in the 1930 US Census as on "Public Road" but specific address is not currently known. Miss Adams was from New England, born in Rhode Island in 1880. She appears in the 1930 Census as the head of the household, with her niece Virginia Waterman, age 11. She lists her occupation as "none".  Miss Adams was a friend and fellow suffragette of Ida Annah Ryan (similarly as was Ryan and Roberts client Matilda Fraser).

John Albert Thompson, Sr. and Lillie Thompson Residence, 1341 Rockledge Drive, Rockledge, Florida. This large and impressive late Prairie Style meets early Mediterranean Revival house is situated along Rockledge's River Front.  The home is two stories and has a side two story porch (sunroom below and sleeping porch above).  The design was based on a popular kit house by the Gordon Van Tine Company, of Davenport, Iowa, Model 535-B.  There is some speculation that Isabel Roberts worked for the Gordon Van Tine Company (Edward C. Roberts, President of Gordon Van Tine, also lived in a 535 model at 918 E. Locust St., Davenport, IA), prior to her move to Central Florida.  Another Gordon Van Tine kit house model is a simplified version of her DeRhodes House in South Bend, as noted above.  In the 1920 US Census the two resident were Lillie Thompson age 41, and her son John Albert Thompson, Jr, age 19 (occupation electrician). Research is ongoing.

Above, a catalog page for the 535 Model by Gordon Van Tine.  Below is a photo of the Lansdale, Pennsylvania, example of the 535-B, notice the placement of the chimney.

The following explanation of the difference between the 535 and the 535-B is courtesy of the Sears Kit House blog, note the main difference is the location of the fireplace in the living room. The Rockledge house has the 535-B configuration.

The following photos are of the Thompson Residence, located at 1341 Rockledge Drive, in Rockledge, Florida. A 535-B Model by Gordon Van Tine.  Evidence suggests that between the time that she worked in the Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, and her move to Florida, Isabel Roberts designed models for Gordon Van Tine company. It would have been the most natural thing in the world for Isabel and Ida to specify the 535-B for their clients, the Thompsons.  Which according to news reports, they subsequently remodeled to the client's requirements.  

Although I am 99.9 percent convinced that the above information is accurate, it is slightly possible that the newspaper reference is to John A. Thompson, Jr and his wife Catherine Thompson (known as Bert and Kate throughout their life).  If so, that residence was located in the Barton Avenue Historic District, Rockledge. That house number is not currently known. In the 1930 US Census John is an electrician and head of the house, age 28; Catherine is 23. 

Since the start of 2022, several of the known works of Ryan and Roberts have been identified, and the likelihood of many more exists.  

Do you know of, live, or work in a building reputed to be by Ryan and Roberts?  Please contact me to share that information,  Thank you.